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Pursuing Answers to Questions of Faith & Life

Showing posts with label Apologetics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Apologetics. Show all posts

Monday, June 29, 2015

Sermon 6/28/15 Paul In Athens - Acts 17 - The Gospel in a Pluralistic Culture



This week we’ve had plenty of evidence to demonstrate that the culture of America is getting further and further away from the culture of the Bible.

I’ve said before, we are getting closer to the circumstances of the early church—a church which did not back away from going into that culture with the Gospel. 
So I do not believe that this passage was accidental.  How do we bring the Gospel into a pluralistic culture?

I’m sure it bothers you to see what’s been going on.  You’re not alone—turn to Acts 17 to what has been a trendy passage to look at in recent years for a gentle way to approach the culture with the Gospel.  The problem is that it wasn’t really that gentle.  And it’s success should not be measured by how many converts he achieved—but the truth for which Paul stood.



Troubled by the Idolatry of the Culture—16-17-- Acts 16:16 While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, his spirit was troubled within him when he saw that the city was full of idols.
Just like Paul, we look around in our culture and see idols everywhere.  We see their effect, we see their destruction, we see the lives that are ruined by them.  Our idols are our money and success, our sports teams and our sex, drugs and music or entertainment, even our national pride.

We should be troubled by what we see around us.  Because what we see is the bondage of the world, we see the influence of the enemy of our souls that seeks to enslave us.  We see so many who are held captive by those lies.

Our hearts should be troubled.  We cannot just sit around and complain about it—if you see it, you should be driven to do something about it.  If you have no desire to do anything about it, I wonder whether you really see and understand what is going on.  You awareness of the circumstances of lostness and idolatry should move you to action.
Consider Exodus 3:7—“Then the Lord said, “I have observed the misery of My people in Egypt, and have heard them crying out because of their oppressors, and I know about their sufferings.”

Imagine for a moment if the story ended there.  That God observed everything and just took a mental note of it, but never did anything about it.  What would you think of Him?

Thankfully, the story of God doesn’t end there—Exodus 3:8—“I have come down to rescue them from the power of the Egyptians and to bring them from that land to a good and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey”

What would the world think of us if we see what is going on around us and are motivated to do nothing?

Paul not only saw, but he was moved to action and sought to change the situation as much as possible by sharing the Gospel.  So he went to the Synagogue.

Acts 17:17— “So he reasoned in the synagogue with the Jews and with those who worshiped God and in the marketplace every day with those who happened to be there.”
 He began to speak the truth of God—and he would have addressed the issue of idolatry and their uselessness.

Psalm 115:5-8— “They have mouths but cannot speak, eyes, but cannot see. 6 They have ears but cannot hear, noses, but cannot smell. 7 They have hands but cannot feel, feet, but cannot walk. They cannot make a sound with their throats. 8 Those who make them are just like them, as are all who trust in them.”

He went right to the people of God and began to teach—what are you doing about all this idolatry.  When he wasn’t in the synagogue, he went out to the marketplace and talked with anyone he could find and anyone who would listen.  The world needs to know it’s condition—needs to know of its idolatry and slavery and we are the ones who have the only message of hope.

Seeing the state of the world around us, the idolatry, the hurt and pain we see should drive us to pray, to seek after Him with all our heart mind and strength
And when we put the message out there, people will listen and be curious about it.

The World Is Willing to Hear to a Point—18-21—“Then also, some of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers argued with him. Some said, “What is this pseudo-intellectual trying to say?” Others replied, “He seems to be a preacher of foreign deities”—because he was telling the good news about Jesus and the Resurrection. 19 They took him and brought him to the Areopagus, and said, “May we learn about this new teaching you’re speaking of? 20 For what you say sounds strange to us, and we want to know what these ideas mean.” 21 Now all the Athenians and the foreigners residing there spent their time on nothing else but telling or hearing something new.”

While some in the market listened, the cultural elites will want to hear but already convinced they are superior intellectually—they called him a babbler or a pseudo-intellectual.  They recognize he is preaching a new idea and they wanted to get a better examination of him so they took him to the intellectual center of the city to find out about it.

So even though the elites in Athens didn’t really have the best motives in listening—at least they wanted to hear—because at least they heard something!  Here’s the point…
I love hearing your stories about the conversations you have at work, about the opportunities you have to pray with someone, to invite them to church or an event.  Those are praises and opportunities I want to hear about them every Wednesday night as we start our prayer meeting with Praises & Opportunities. 

But far too often, we go through the markets, go through our place of work, around our families and our sphere of influence and miss the opportunities.

No one asks us about our faith because we miss opportunities that God has for us to speak—it’s as if we don’t really believe the Gospel is the good News—the good works prepared in advance for us to do. 

At least Paul gave people reason to ask—at least he had something to say—at least he was not ashamed of the gospel of Jesus.  We cannot be ashamed and this will be more and more important.

The world my think you’re a babbler a pseudo-intellectual.  Your beliefs may sound strange to them, even ridiculous.  But they have to be confronted with them—they have to have something to choose between.  They have to hear there are options.  Because that is what we are called to.  We don’t confront them with the truth to be liked, to be accepted, but to be obedient to the Call, because it is the truth, and we actually care about their future and eternity.

And while we must be respectful in what we say, especially how we say it, we’ve got to realize that most of the world is going to reject it no matter how nice we are—so while we must not be a jerk about what we believe, we as believers

Believers Can’t Avoid the Root of the Problem and Must Speak the Truth—
17:22- “Then Paul stood in the middle of the Areopagus and said: “Men of Athens! I see that you are extremely religious in every respect. 23 For as I was passing through and observing the objects of your worship, I even found an altar on which was inscribed: TO AN UNKNOWN GOD. Therefore, what you worship in ignorance, this I proclaim to you. 24 The God who made the world and everything in it —He is Lord of heaven and earth and does not live in shrines made by hands. 25 Neither is He served by human hands, as though He needed anything, since He Himself gives everyone life and breath and all things. 26 From one man He has made every nationality to live over the whole earth and has determined their appointed times and the boundaries of where they live. 27 He did this so they might seek God, and perhaps they might reach out and find Him, though He is not far from each one of us. 28 For in Him we live and move and exist, as even some of your own poets have said, ‘For we are also His offspring.’ 29 Being God’s offspring then, we shouldn’t think that the divine nature is like gold or silver or stone, an image fashioned by human art and imagination. 30 “Therefore, having overlooked the times of ignorance, God now commands all people everywhere to repent, 31 because He has set a day when He is going to judge the world in righteousness by the Man He has appointed. He has provided proof of this to everyone by raising Him from the dead.”
·         This is not a timid speech.  He knows he is in hostile territory surrounded by people who are looking for the opportunity to tear him or his ideas apart.
·         But in that he does not avoid their spiritual condition, nor does he evade the truth.
·         Paul Recognized and Affirmed they were a Spiritual & a Seeking People
·         He was confident in the Gospel to be the Answer for their Heart’s Hunger
·         He started with God as Creator and His Lordship—this is something our culture is divided on and that many have rejected—but it is the foundation of what we believe.  It was also a statement saying that the God he was telling them about is superior to their gods, even Zeus.  Zeus is not the creator, he overthrew the Titans who did not create the heavens and earth either.
·         Buildings do not contain Him, nor does He need anything from us
·         Every person on the planet—no matter location, color, political affiliation, nationality is a descendant of Adam & Eve—all bearers of the image of God, all have dignity, value built into them.  There are no superior or inferior races, none less than human.  Therefore all are in the same spiritual condition—a broken condition that is searching for a fix, searching for answers, searching for God.
·         God encourages this search and wants to be found—but on His terms
·         No one will find God in an Idol or any object of gold, silver or stone.  He confronts the idolatry head on and says it’s useless and nothing more than the old song that says, “Looking for love in all the wrong places.”  In other words, you will never find God on your own terms, the way you want to, or in the place that you want to.  You and I do not get to define who He is, what He is like, what He approves and disapproves.  He defines Himself. 
·         He wants to be found, but you must come to Him on His terms in the way He approves of.  And the Way He approves of is through Jesus the Messiah, the Anointed One, the Christ who is The Way, The Truth & The Life—vs. 31—“He has set a day when He is going to judge the world in righteousness by the Man He has appointed”
·         Paul confronted the practice of idolatry by the educated elites by calling it ignorance—that’s a good way to win friends and influence people isn’t it?  He tells them that God has overlooked this sin like a parent giving their child the time to do the right thing—but like parents, there comes a time when the parents no longer overlook the wrongdoing of their children.  And so now Paul says God is telling these intellectual elites to Repent from their ignorance.
·         Any presentation of the Gospel must include the call of Repentance.  It means exposing someone’s sin and highlighting the need, the possibility and the expectation of change.
·         And that message is usually not accepted very well.  Being told that you are ignorant, especially when you think you’re smart, is offensive.  A person or a culture that has its sin exposed will not be happy with the messenger. 
·         That situation has not changed for today’s America either.  Our culture does not want to hear that it sins.  Does not want to hear that God has a standard because ultimately, they love darkness rather than life.
·         We must define our lives, our actions, our words by the biblical culture and values and not those of our nation.  For a time, the church has felt comfortable with the combination of America’s culture and the biblical culture—but that is changing more and more—we can no longer count on the values of America lining up with the values of the Bible as the Supreme Court just demonstrated on Friday.
·         Your first citizenship, your first loyalty is to the Kingdom of God—before America and before the Stars & Stripes.  Because some day, maybe sooner than we’d like to admit, someone, some government is going to make you choose.

In terms of not avoiding the root of the problem and still speaking truth, I found this powerful quote from a pastor named John Piper—“Christians know what is coming, not only because we see it in the Bible, but because we have tasted the sorrowful fruit of our own sins. We do not escape the truth that we reap what we sow. Our marriages, our children, our churches, our institutions — they are all troubled because of our sins.
The difference is: We weep over our sins. We don’t celebrate them. We don’t institutionalize them. We turn to Jesus for forgiveness and help. We cry to Jesus, “who delivers us from the wrath to come” (1 Thessalonians 1:10).

George Orwell—“The further a society drifts from the truth, the more it will hate those who speak it.”
·         As much as the people of Athens were getting irritated at Paul, and as much as America’s culture and the Bible’s culture are taking divergent paths—our countrymen may not want to hear it, but they will need it more and more.  we’ve got to keep in mind that…

The Resurrection Will always be the Turning Point—32 “When they heard about resurrection of the dead, some began to ridicule him.”

The idea that someone can come back from the dead was the last straw.  They could tolerate almost anything else, but ultimately, everything turns on Jesus—who He is, what He came for, how He won our freedom—the Cross and the Resurrection.  Paul doesn’t mention the cross—the instrument of Roman execution and torture, but he does the Resurrection—in order to be raised, someone has to die.

Paul looks at the Resurrection as God’s proof that Jesus is the Messiah—the world will be judged by “the Man He has appointed. He has provided proof of this to everyone by raising Him from the dead.”—vs. 31

But the intellectual elites thought it was ridiculous.  The Resurrection is the central turning point—because if the Resurrection really happened—then it really does validate that everything Jesus said is true, everything that He did has been accepted by the Father, death and sin have lost their sting.  That’s a game changer.

Paul realizes this, and later, rather than treading lightly in regards to the  Cross and the Resurrection he runs straight to it, highlights it, makes it the stumbling block on which the whole issue turns.

1 Corinthians 1:17-25—“For Christ did not send me to baptize, but to evangelize —not with clever words, so that the cross of Christ will not be emptied of its effect.
18 For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but it is God’s power to us who are being saved. 19 For it is written: I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and I will set aside the understanding of the experts. 20 Where is the philosopher? Where is the scholar? Where is the debater of this age? Hasn’t God made the world’s wisdom foolish? 21 For since, in God’s wisdom, the world did not know God through wisdom, God was pleased to save those who believe through the foolishness of the message preached.
22 For the Jews ask for signs and the Greeks seek wisdom, 23 but we preach Christ crucified, a stumbling block to the Jews and foolishness to the Gentiles. 24 Yet to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ is God’s power and God’s wisdom, 25 because God’s foolishness is wiser than human wisdom, and God’s weakness is stronger than human strength.”

The cross & the resurrection are the turning point.  Together they represent a miracle that goes beyond reasonable experience.  They had never seen it, neither have we.

Our world today, with our scientific mindset, accepting a cold universe believes that death is the end and there is nothing beyond the veil—but the concept of resurrection destroys that. 
Our culture is full of people who accept aliens, bigfoot, the lochness monster, evolution, vampires & werewolves because those things are not threatening nor do they require anything from us—but God—don’t put that out there—
because if there is a God, I may one day have to stand before Him.  if there is a God, I may have to answer to Him.  If there is a God He may have legitimate authority over me.  If there is a God, He may hold me accountable.  If there is a God, I don’t have a chance.

Oh, but you do—because there is always Grace—repent—from your own way & believe in the name of the Lord Jesus and you will be saved.

While Some Will Believe—Majority will Reject –32b—
While some ridiculed Paul, “others said, “We’d like to hear from you again about this.” 33 Then Paul left their presence. 34 However, some men joined him and believed, including Dionysius the Areopagite, a woman named Damaris, and others with them.”

We think of divisions in our country on political and racial lines—but those are not really what is most important nor real.

The division that is most prominent and eternal is one of belief—based on the answer to the Question—“Who do you say that I am?”

It’s the division between the sheep and the goats, the lost and the saved, the slave and the redeemed. 

Some believed Paul and accepted the message—they wanted to hear more and learn more.  But most did not.  Paul was not a failure—he preached the word and it did not return void.  He was Faithful.  So many measure Paul’s success by how many believed, but the better measure is His faithfulness.

Today you can change your eternity with a decision.

Wednesday, July 18, 2012

Why it is Reasonable to Apply the Bible to Modern Life - Part 3


Is the biblical text we have reliable or has it been corrupted?

This is Part 3 in a series about the Relevance of the Bible to Modern Life.  Part 1 and Part 2 dealt with the fact that human nature hasn’t really changed since the days of the Bible, despite our new toys & technology.

This discussion sets aside the issues of Inspiration and the possibility of God accurately conveying His intent to human authors.  Many people who reject the idea that God effectively used human authors will conveniently say, “Even if He did, and that’s a big if, what has survived has been corrupted.”

The typical story goes that the Bible has been copied and recopied so many times that what we have today cannot possibly be accurate to what was originally written.

In relation to Jesus, the Gospels were written so long after the fact, stories were embellished and legendary materials and/or mythology entered into the text and so we have things like His miraculous feedings or healings, we have the Virgin birth, we have the resurrection.

Such critics claim none of these stories are actually historical.  If true, these are deal breaking issues. 

But are these charges accurate?  Are there reasons to think that what we have today is well preserved and very close to the original text? 

I would answer, Yes.

150 years ago the age of biblical Higher Criticism began its ascent.  The theories vastly undermined the trustworthiness of the Bible as the Word of God.  One of the things that contributed to the theory was the limited number of ancient manuscripts—especially those in the original languages like Koine Greek or Hebrew. 

Some of the earliest Hebrew manuscripts we had were around 800 AD, some 1200 years after the close of the Old Testament.  We had some Greek texts from the 300’s & 400’s but most Western scholarship was based on translations in Latin.

So after copying and recopying coupled with translating and retranslating, the academic world was convinced that the text we have could not possibly be anything close to the original text.  They proposed that even those “originals” were really compilations of various authors—edited and compiled together with no real connection to the names listed as the authors.

They were able to make this argument largely because of a lack of evidence.  That was then… this is now.

We actually have an abundance of manuscript evidence.  We now have more selections of the New Testament—over 5000 selections and fragments in Greek alone—than any other ancient document.   Here’s a comparison with a few important documents.
Author
Date Written
Earliest Copy
Approx. Time btw. Original & first Copy
# of Copies
Pliny
61-113 AD
850 AD
750 yrs
2
Plato
427-347 BC
900 AD
1200 yrs
7
Herodotus
480-425 BC
900 AD
1300 yrs
8
Caesar
100-44 BC
900 AD
1000 yrs
10
Tacitus
Circa 100 AD
1100 AD
1000 yrs
193
Aristotle
384-322 BC
100 AD
1400 yrs
49
Homer (Iliad)
900 BC
400 BC
500 yrs
643
New Testament
45-100 AD
Circa 120 AD
Less than 100 yrs.
5600 in Greek + other languages & quotations
















The NT has more manuscripts from dates closer to the original writing than any other ancient documents—from Aristotle, Julius Caesar, Homer’s Illiad and others that scholarship does not question. 

That is not accounting for the thousands of manuscripts in other languages like Syriac or Coptic.  Neither is that accounting for the quoting of the New Testament by the early church fathers—with which scholars estimate we could reconstruct the entire NT except for 11 verses. 

In other words, if scholars are going to dismiss the accuracy of the New Testament, they will have to throw out every other ancient document which cannot match the close proximity of copies and the sheer number.

We have almost too many documents—too much evidence about the New Testament because there are so many documents.  This high number of copies let us see the mistakes, blunders, edits and insertions.   Some site these variations as indicative of the unreliability problem.  But in most cases, the divergent texts are limited to certain geographical areas in the Mediterranean and can be compared to others where the same changes have not been made. 

In other words, they can be cross-checked for accuracy and increase our sense of reliability. 
Ron Rhodes gives an example of the kind of variations we typically see and their significance.


By practicing the science of textual criticism – comparing all the available manuscripts with each other – we can come to an assurance regarding what the original document must have said.

Let us suppose we have five manuscript copies of an original document that no longer exists. Each of the manuscript copies are different. Our goal is to compare the manuscript copies and ascertain what the original must have said. Here are the five copies:
Manuscript #1: Jesus Christ is the Savior of the whole worl.

Manuscript #2: Christ Jesus is the Savior of the whole world.

Manuscript #3: Jesus Christ s the Savior of the whole world.

Manuscript #4: Jesus Christ is th Savior of the whle world.

Manuscript #5: Jesus Christ is the Savor of the whole wrld.

Could you, by comparing the manuscript copies, ascertain what the original document said with a high degree of certainty that you are correct? Of course you could.

This illustration may be extremely simplistic, but a great majority of the 150,000 variants are solved by the above methodology.

By comparing the various manuscripts, all of which contain very minor differences like the above, it becomes fairly clear what the original must have said.

Most of the manuscript variations concern matters of spelling, word order, tenses, and the like; no single doctrine is affected by them in any way.

The earliest fragment we have of the New Testament is called the John Ryland fragment from the Gospel of John, dated to the second century--about 120 AD  (though there has been a recent announcement regarding a selection from the Gospel of Mark that may prove to be from the first century—we’ll see more of that announcement and intense scrutiny within the year). 

Given that John is considered to be the last gospel written, the most theologically oriented and thus considered the “most corrupted”—the fact that this fragment exists in Egypt a mere 20-30 years after the latest it could have been written—about 90 AD in modern day Turkey (allowing for transportation around the Med.) and you’re establishing the gospels written within the lifetime of the first apostles. 

Atheist Antony Flew stated: “There’s a much greater richness of manuscripts for all the major early Christian documents than there is for, say, the plays of Aeschylus or Sophocles or the works of Aristotle. But of course, that’s not evidence about Jesus, but very good authority for the accuracy of the text that is printed in translation in the New Testament

Here’s some more evidence about the copying process.  They did take it seriously.

If you’ve heard of the Dead Sea Scrolls you should know that they were an amazing discovery back in 1947.  The manuscripts were in Hebrew and pushed back our earliest copy of Old Testament Hebrew manuscripts by 1000+ years in some cases.  Most famously is the complete scroll of Isaiah that is about 24 feet long.  It has its own museum called, the Shrine of the Book.  Scholars are able to compare documents with 1700 years worth of copying and recopying between them and assess the differences.

What they have found is a remarkable consistency—roughly 95% of the text is the same over 1000 years of copying.  I don’t think Xerox could do that well.  The other 5% are mostly misspellings or word-order switches.  No significant doctrine is altered or contradicted by any of these changes.

That is astounding and should put to rest the notion that the copying process automatically ruins the reliability.

What about the idea that the New Testament was written so long after the events? 

Scholarship reflects a spectrum much like politics with a Liberal and Conservative wing.  Most scholars agree that Paul began his writing in the late 40’s and early 50’s (keeping in mind Jesus’ crucifixion occurred around 33 AD).  Most scholars tend to follow the idea called Markan Priority—which believes that since Mark is the shortest Gospel, it must have been written first (I don’t find this compelling, by the way).  Liberals and Conservatives differ on the dates with conservatives arguing mid 50’s for Mark and liberals mid/late 60’s.  Extreme liberal scholars deny any Gospel was written in the first century but that has proven a harder position to defend given that early church fathers in the late first century (90’s AD) were quoting extensively from them.  It’s hard to quote a document that doesn’t exist.

So Mark was written somewhere between 20-30 years after the events it describes.  That may seem like a long time, but for its day, that was quick—far too quick for legendary material to enter the story.  This is also within the lifetime of eyewitnesses who could confirm or deny what they saw.  After all in the year 2021, I’ll still be able to refute someone who says space aliens destroyed the World Trade Center.

That is one point that Paul makes in his statement from 1 Corinthians 15:3-8—“For I passed on to you as most important what I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, 4 that He was buried, that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures, 5 and that He appeared to •Cephas, then to the Twelve. 6 Then He appeared to over 500 brothers at one time; most of them are still alive, but some have fallen •asleep. 7 Then He appeared to James, then to all the apostles. 8 Last of all, as to one abnormally born, He also appeared to me.”

This statement was taught to Paul during the time shortly after his conversion and can be reasonably dated to within 5 years of the Crucifixion and Resurrection.  Notice what is already part of the “story”:
  • Jesus died – they weren’t stupid and Romans were very good at it
  • The theological reason – for our sins
  •  Jesus was raised on the third day
  •  All “according to the Scriptures” – thus believed the events to be fulfilling Old Testament Prophecy
  • Numerous eyewitness accounts of Jesus appearing to them
One new argument to show the Gospels were written by eyewitnesses makes use of Name Frequency.  I highly recommend watching the video on the link. 

Lastly, I will post the words from a minister named, Voddie Baucham and I would recommend you watching the sermon.  He bases this statement on the text of 2 Peter 1:16-21

“I choose to believe the Bible because it is a reliable collection of historical documents written down by eyewitnesses during the lifetime of other eyewitnesses. They report [of] supernatural events that took place in fulfillment of specific prophecies and claimed that their writing are divine rather than human in origin.”

Voddie Baucham – Why I Believe the Bible - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZNXMJGYNG8

Since I believe that the Bible is accurate and reliable and because I believe it speaks accurately to the human condition, and most importantly because I believe the Bible has a divine rather than merely human origin; I believe it is very reasonable to apply what it says to modern life despite the fact that it is “so old” or in spite of the fact that we have advanced so much since those days.

I believe the Bible describes our sinful condition and also describes the cure.  I believe the Bible is God’s love letter to us—recording Him trying to reach out to us and save us from our biggest problems, sin and death.   For example:

It speaks to modern families; it defines marriage and calls upon parents to champion the education of their children.  It speaks to how we should relate to governments and calls us to work to change society for the better through the power of the Gospel.  It shows us how to handle our money, our jobs and our time; encourages us to avoid laziness and work hard even when the boss is not watching.  It teaches us to break the cycles of retaliation and violence.  It calls us to personally care for the poor and those in need rather than pass the buck to another agency.  It challenges us to avoid harmful behavior—that harms anyone, including ourselves by taking care of our body.  It calls us to be responsible with our resources and not go into debt.  

The Bible gives us our purpose, identifies the fundamental value of all human beings, invites us to a great adventure and calls us to a glorious future with our Creator.

You may not want to apply the Bible to your life, you may have many reasons.  But do not be foolish enough to think that it is unreasonable to include the Bible in modern discussions.

For Further Reading:



http://thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/justintaylor/2012/07/08/an-interview-with-craig-blomberg-on-jesus-and-the-reliability-of-the-gospels/